Great Friday: The Richness of the Lamentations of the Epitaphios (Metropolitan Chrysostomos of Mani)

Great Friday: The Richness of the Lamentations of the Epitaphios

By Metropolitan Chrysostomos III of Mani

A holy and mournful day for the entire Orthodox Christian world. We participate spiritually in the august Passion of the Lord, we feel the Unnailing, and we venerate the All-Holy Tomb. During it, whatever may dominate our society, on this holy day it is not possible for our soul not to be shaken by the reality of the divine Passion — the Crucifixion and the Burial of the Lord.

The hymnography, above all, is unique. With shudders of deepest compunction and great reverence we chant the Lamentations. Among them also the wonderful hymn: “O my sweet springtime, my sweetest Child, where has Your beauty set?” The verse is found in the remarkable poetic composition of Great Friday, which is called the “Lamentations of the Epitaphios.”

These are marvelous antiphons in three stases. The first stasis begins: “The Life was laid in a tomb, O Christ, and the armies of angels were struck with amazement, glorifying Your condescension.” The second: “It is truly meet to magnify You, the Giver of Life, who stretched out Your hands upon the Cross and crushed the power of the enemy,” and the third: “All generations offer a hymn to Your burial, O my Christ.”

Homily One on Great Friday (St. Innocent of Kherson)

Homily on Great Friday

Discourse 1

By Saint Innocent, Archbishop of Kherson and Tauride

The Prophet, having once beheld God upon a Throne exalted in glory, and feeling his own uncleanness and frailty, in terror cried out: “Woe is me, for I am undone! Because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the Lord of hosts” (Isa. 6:5). What then, brethren, ought we now to say, seeing God not exalted in glory, but humbled by dishonor, not upon a throne, but in a tomb? By what name should we call ourselves, considering that these wounds, this tomb, are the work of our hands? O, wretched are we men, who by our sins not only brought down to earth the Son of God, but also lifted Him up upon the Cross and shut Him in the tomb! Ah, if sin had not raised a dreadful partition between heaven and earth, then we all, like the Prophet, would behold God exalted in glory: the Son of God would appear in the human world as He appears in the angelic worlds; He would visit the earth as a master of the house and a friend. With what joy would the uncorrupted sons of the innocent forefather meet and accompany Him! But now!… O, “who will give to our head water, and to our eyes a fountain of tears” (Jer. 9:1), that we might weep day and night over this image, that we might lament that not only we ourselves from the height of immortality have been cast down into dust, but we have also cast into the tomb the Son of God!

Such, brethren, is the power of sin! It appears as a momentary forgetting of duty, and it disturbs an entire eternity; it is accomplished in a small space of earth, but shakes all the heavens; it harms, seemingly, one man, and the Son of God Himself must suffer for its erasing! Unhappy forefather, would you have stretched forth your hand to the forbidden fruit, if you had foreseen what now lies before our eyes? Would you have desired to become as God, if you had known that this desire would cause God to die upon the Cross?

Homily on Holy Friday and the Cross (St. John of Damascus)

Homily on Holy Friday and the Cross 

Discourse 3

By St. John of Damascus

1. The struggle of our fasting is completed and ends at the Cross. And where ought the end of the victory to arrive, if not at the trophy of Christ? For the Cross is the trophy of Christ, which indeed happened once, but always puts the demons to flight. Truly, where are the idols and the vain slaughters of animals? where are the temples and the fire of impiety? All were extinguished by one holy blood and were cast down, and there remains the Cross — an all-powerful power, an invisible arrow, an immaterial remedy, a pain-relieving blow, a glory full of reproach.

So then, even if I recount countless other things about Christ, and if I astonish my listener by narrating countless miracles, I do not boast so much in those as in the Cross. I mean this by what I say: Jesus came forth from a Virgin; it is a great miracle for marriage to be bypassed and for nature to innovate; but, if the Cross had not existed, the first virgin of Paradise would not have been saved by her deeds.

Now, however, through the event of the Crucifixion the woman is saved first, healing the ancient evil with new gifts. The dead man was raised in Galilee, but he died again; but I, who have been raised through the Cross, can no longer fall into death. Jesus crossed the sea, God in a boat, and the wood offered a temporary benefit; but I have acquired an eternal wood, beneficent, which, using it as a rudder, I confront the spiritual waves of wickedness.

The Hours of Great Friday (Photios Kontoglou)

“The Unnailing,” egg tempera, 1932, Holy Church of Pantanassa, Monastiraki.

The Hours of Great Friday

By Photios Kontoglou

“It was astonishing to behold the Maker of heaven and earth hanging upon a Cross.”

Today, on Great Friday in the morning, they say the Hours in the church. In whatever church one may happen to be, it is good, but whoever happens to be in some monastery or in some deserted chapel, he can say that he truly felt compunction.

The Hours do not have much chanting; most of the texts are read. At the beginning they read from the Psalter three psalms: “Give ear to my words, O Lord; understand my cry,” “Why did the nations rage and the peoples meditate empty things?” “O God, my God, attend to me; why have You forsaken me?” Then they chant two or three troparia, beginning from this: “Today the veil of the temple is rent for a reproof of the lawless, and the sun hides its own rays, seeing the Master being crucified.” And after the priest says the Gospel, they begin again the reading. How well these readings are chosen — the psalms, the prophecies, and the other readings of Holy Scripture!

At the time when the chanters chant and the readers read, you see on the arches painted those things which they chant and those which they read. And you think that the words are one with the images, which are made from fasting hands. You hear the priests chanting the troparion:

The Crucifixion (Photios Kontoglou)

“The Crucifixion,” fresco of the side-chapel of Saint Irene, of the Pesmazoglou family, Kifisia.

The Crucifixion 

By Photios Kontoglou

The night that they seized Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane, His disciples from their fear scattered and left Him alone in the hands of the lawless, so that the prophecy might come true: “They will strike the shepherd and the sheep will be scattered.”

The evildoers therefore bound Christ and led Him to the high priest Caiaphas, and there the scribes and the elders were gathered together. Peter was following to see the end. Meanwhile the Pharisees were seeking to find false witnesses in order to put Christ to death. And some were found who said that they heard Him saying that I will destroy the Temple of Solomon and in three days I will build it without stones. Caiaphas stood up and said to Christ: “Do you not answer? What do these testify against you?” And He was silent. The High Priest says to Him again: “Are you the Christ, the Son of God?” And Christ answered him: “I am, and you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the power and coming upon clouds.” Then Caiaphas said: “What need do we have of witnesses? You heard that He blasphemed.” And the others cried out that He is guilty and to be put to death. And they took Him and spat on Him and struck Him and said to Him: “Prophesy to us.”

Homily on the Honorable Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ (Theophanes Kerameus)

On the Honorable Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ 

Discourse 27

By Theophanes Kerameus

Perhaps indeed I may seem burdensome to your love, and wearisome, because to you who have labored through the whole night in standing and psalmody I bring, as a burden, the hearing of teaching. But forgive me, since I am insatiable toward your progress; and stretch your eagerness, that you may gain more. For if the God-hating Jews kept vigil through the whole night in order to seize and crucify the Lord, how shall we not keep watch, that we may learn the purpose of the sacred Gospels which have been sung to us and read? Therefore, having shaken off all listlessness from the soul, give heed to what is being said.

And when the Savior had furnished the sacred guests of the Secret Supper, having Himself ministered and set Himself before them as food, He goes out with them to the Mount of Olives, neither avoiding the Passion (for how could He who both foreknew and foretold and was able to escape suffering do so?), nor yet going of His own accord to the murderers; for the former would have been a dissolution of the dispensation and a kind of ignoble cowardice, while the latter would have furnished a pretext to the abominable ones, as though they had not sinned in killing Him who willingly gave Himself up and almost seized the Passion. At the same time He becomes for us also a model of true courage, being seen superior both to cowardice and to rashness, and teaching through Himself neither to rush headlong toward temptations, nor, when they come upon us, to be ignobly terrified.

Song for Great Friday (Monk Moses the Athonite)

 Song for Great Friday 

 

By Monk Moses the Athonite

 

Great Friday

Always on Great Friday
be alone like Christ,
awaiting the final nail, the vinegar, the spear.

Hear the casting of lots without disturbance
as they divide your possessions—
the blasphemies, the provocations, the indifference.

Without Friday, Sunday does not come;
then you forget the sufferings of the roads
of the Great Friday of our life.

Poem For Great Friday (Elder Basil of Kavsokalyva)

Poem For Great Friday

By Elder Basil of Kavsokalyva

TODAY THE SKY IS BLACK

Today the sky is black,
today the day is dark;
today the lawless ones
have taken counsel—

to crucify the Christ,
the King of all;
and they have given order
to the smith for nails.

“Come, smith,
forge the nails—
make three sharp spikes!”
But that lawless man
goes and fashions five.

Prologue in Sermons: April 10

On Obedience

April 10

(A Word from the Paterikon on Obedience)

By Archpriest Victor Guryev

Why is it, brethren, that the virtue of obedience is placed above many other virtues? What is the reason for this?

One of the elders said: he who abides in obedience receives a greater reward than the one who, by his own will, is saved in the desert. And he added that another of the elders was shown the places where the saints rest after death. There in one glorious place he saw a man, and it was revealed to him that this man, when he lived, was constantly ill, but in his illness he did not complain, but glorified God. In another place he saw another man, and it was said to him that this one is blessed because in life he was hospitable and received strangers into his house and gave them rest. In a third place he saw yet another man, who was blessed because he spent his whole life in the desert, not seeing the face of a man. Finally, in one especially glorious place he saw a man who, in the degree of his blessedness, was above all and wore a golden collar on his neck. “For what?” asked the one who beheld the vision. The one who was blessed for patience in illness said to him: “For this reason he is exalted above all, that the others did good deeds by their own will, but this one wholly subjected his will to the will of God and to the will of his spiritual father, and spent his whole life in obedience. For this he also received greater glory than all.”